Project Witness - Holocaust Education
EVIDENCE BASED

When  a  youth  commits  an  antisemitic  offense, what  happens  next?

A 152% spike in bias crimes in January 2026, driven by anti-Jewish hate. The city can detect and report. It does not yet have a clinical answer. The Youth Hate Crime Intervention Program is that answer — evidence-based, tiered, built on education, restorative justice, and Holocaust survivor testimony.

METHOD
Risk–Need–
Responsivity Model
Andrews & Bonta, 2010
Age range 12 to 18
Tiers 3 · assessment-driven
Phases 5 · clinically sequenced
Contact hours 12 170
§ 02  ·  THE CRISIS

Antisemitism is the dominant form
of hate crime in New York City.

“Hate crimes jumped 152 percent in January, driven largely by spikes in anti-Jewish hate.”

NYPD · Gothamist, March 11, 2026

EXHIBIT 01 · BIAS CRIME TRENDS
SOURCE NYPD Hate Crime Task Force
FILED 2026-04-22
Anti-Jewish hate crime complaints, New York City · 2021 – 2024
SOURCE · OPHC Annual Report 2024 +175% over four years
Anti-Jewish complaints rose 175% between 2021 and 2024. 2026 NYC Task Force briefing paper
— 01 0%

Spike in bias crimes in January 2026 versus January 2025. Driven overwhelmingly by anti-Jewish incidents.

NYPD · January 2026
— 02 0

Anti-Jewish complaints recorded from 2020 to 2024. The highest of any category, roughly three times the next most reported.

OPHC Annual Report 2024
— 03 0

Anti-Jewish arrests in 2024, leading all hate-crime categories. Complaints rose 175% from 2021 to 2024.

OPHC Annual Report 2024
INCIDENT LOG SELECTED CASES · 2024 – 2026
JURISDICTION NYC
JAN 2026 · 11:42 AM · GRAVESEND PARK
January 2026
Gravesend Park, Brooklyn
57 swastikas painted on playground slides and equipment.
FEB 2026 · 09:17 AM · JACKSON HEIGHTS
February 2026
Renaissance Charter School
Jackson Heights teen arraigned on hate crime charges after emailing death threats to more than 300 Jewish classmates.
NOV 2025 · 07:08 PM · UPPER EAST SIDE
November 2025
Park East Synagogue
A Jewish New Yorker wearing a kippah was surrounded by a crowd of roughly fifteen and punched while trying to enter the synagogue.
§ 03  ·  THE GAP

The city can detect and report.
It cannot yet rehabilitate.

A 14-year-old is charged with an antisemitic offense. The investigation closes. The District Attorney decides how to proceed. What happens next? The city's existing apparatus was not built to answer that question.

PAGEA
TOPICWHAT NYC HAS

NYPD · OPHC · MOCA

  • NYPD Hate Crime Task Force — detection, investigation, reporting.
  • Office for the Prevention of Hate Crimes (OPHC) — victim notification and interagency coordination.
  • Mayor's Office to Combat Antisemitism (MOCA) — advisory, convening, public communications.
None of these offices operates a clinical intervention for the juvenile offender. — 2026 Task Force record
PAGEB
TOPICTHE GAP

Clinical rehabilitation — absent

  • No tier-matched intervention for juvenile antisemitic offenses.
  • No bias-specific clinical content — no counter-conspiracy module, no offense-linked community service model.
  • No manualized protocol replicable across court jurisdictions.
GAP IDENTIFIED
§ 04  ·  THE PROGRAM
SECTION§ 04 · THE PROGRAM — AT A GLANCE
REFPW-YHC-2026

What this program is.

An evidence-based, tiered rehabilitative intervention for youth ages 12 to 18 who have committed bias-motivated offenses targeting Jewish individuals or communities. The program combines cognitive-behavioral therapy, Holocaust survivor testimony through Project Witness's Remember and Rebuild art therapy sequence, restorative justice conferencing, offense-linked community service, and 6 to 18 months of structured maintenance. A standardized Bias Motivation Assessment at intake determines the appropriate treatment tier, ensuring program intensity matches each case's severity, ideology level, and risk profile.

AGES12 to 18
FORMATIndividual 1-on-1 sessions · concurrent family involvement
SETTINGOutpatient · Brooklyn, NYC · remote options for follow-up
DURATION RANGE4 to 30 weeks + 3 to 18 months maintenance
REFERRAL PATHWAYSCourt diversion · probation condition · post-adjudication · school-based · family self-referral
CLINICAL LEADLicensed CBT-trained clinician · certified art therapist · PW survivor liaison · RJ facilitator · independent victim advocate
FAMILY COURT COMPATIBLE MANUALIZED PROTOCOL
SECTION§ 05 · FIVE-PHASE PROTOCOL
TOTAL CONTACT HOURS12–170

The week ruler.

↓ Click any phase for its detail

Phases are clinically sequenced — cognitive groundwork before survivor encounter, encounter before accountability, accountability before service, service before graduated release. Out-of-order delivery loses the mechanism.

SECTION§ 06 · TIER ASSIGNMENT MATRIX
PERRisk–Need–Responsivity (Andrews & Bonta, 2010)

Proportional response, not political.

TIER I
12–16 hours · 4–6 weeks

Brief Intervention

"A 13-year-old who scrawled a swastika on a park slide on a dare."

  • Abbreviated BMA screening
  • Core cognitive restructuring
  • Holocaust survivor encounter
  • Accountability letter or dialogue
  • 1 parent psychoeducation session
Thrill-Seeking / Peer-Driven typologies · first offense · no radicalization history
TIER II
100–120 hours · 20 weeks

Standard Protocol

"A 15-year-old in a peer group that amplifies antisemitic memes online."

  • Full five-phase protocol
  • All Phase 2 modules (A–E)
  • Survivor encounter + art therapy
  • Full restorative justice process
  • Community service + ceremony
  • Graduated maintenance
Moderate severity · peer influence primary · limited online radicalization
TIER III
130–170 hours · 20–30 weeks

Intensive Protocol

"A 17-year-old running an antisemitic meme account and planning harassment campaigns."

  • Everything in Tier II, plus:
  • Extended cognitive + counter-conspiracy modules
  • Intensive identity restructuring
  • Additional Phase 3 processing sessions
  • Extended community service hours
  • Extended 12–18 month maintenance
Retaliatory / Ideologically Embedded · entrenched beliefs · active online radicalization
SECTION§ 07 · MODULE INDEX
PHASE 2 PROTOCOLS10 modules · clinically integrated

Ten modules. Open one.

2A · COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING FOR BIAS
Clinical goal: interrupt automatic stereotype activation; rebuild evidentiary thinking patterns about Jewish identity and history.
Evidence: Landenberger & Lipsey 2005 meta-analysis (N=58 studies) — 25% mean recidivism reduction for CBT.
Example exercise: "Source-check the claim." Youth traces a belief they hold back to its origin media; clinician walks them through the verifiable evidence trail.
2B · COUNTER-CONSPIRACY & MEDIA LITERACY
Clinical goal: dismantle specific antisemitic conspiracy beliefs (Protocols of the Elders of Zion, dual-loyalty tropes, Great Replacement variants) through Socratic questioning.
Evidence: Bilewicz et al. — conspiracy cognition strongest predictor of antisemitic behavioral intention; ADL 2025 chatbot study — 16% belief reduction, 25% Jewish-favorability increase.
Example exercise: "Trace the lie." Youth maps one conspiracy claim back through its media vectors; writes a 500-word counter-narrative supported by primary sources.
2C · DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP & ONLINE BEHAVIOR
Clinical goal: rebuild online habits — feed hygiene, platform responsibility, de-escalation, bystander recognition.
Evidence: OJJDP digital citizenship studies on youth bystander intervention.
Example exercise: "Your last 30 days." Clinician and youth review 30 days of actual platform activity; identify the three moments where a different action was available.
2D · IDENTITY & PROSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Clinical goal: build a non-bias-dependent identity; map prosocial peer-network alternatives.
Evidence: Functional Family Therapy principles — 25 to 60% recidivism reduction when peer and identity factors targeted.
Example exercise: "Three futures." Youth writes three 10-year self-portraits; clinician and family identify which identity foundations currently exist vs. need to be built.
2E · FAMILY SESSIONS
Clinical goal: psychoeducate parents; build monitoring and communication skills; strengthen the family supervision system.
Evidence: Functional Family Therapy — one of the strongest evidence bases in juvenile justice research.
Example exercise: joint parent-youth communication training with role-play of a trigger scenario identified in Phase 1.
3A · HOLOCAUST SURVIVOR TESTIMONY ENCOUNTER
Clinical goal: break the abstraction — move bias from theoretical to embodied knowledge through direct encounter.
Evidence: narrative transport theory (Green & Brock 2000); Hsieh 2022 meta-analysis — d = 0.43 prejudice reduction effect.
Example exercise: structured 2-hour encounter — survivor testimony followed by facilitated youth response with the survivor, the clinician, and the art therapist present.
3B · REMEMBER & REBUILD ART THERAPY
Clinical goal: non-verbal processing of the survivor encounter; consolidate affect and meaning-making.
Evidence: Slayton et al. 2010 (art therapy outcome review); Potash 2005 (art as bridge between trauma and meaning).
Example exercise: multi-session art sequence paired with each survivor encounter — the work is kept, reviewed, revised across Phase 3.
3C · RESTORATIVE JUSTICE CONFERENCING
Clinical goal: produce an accountability the offender understands and owns; support the victim or community surrogate.
Evidence: Walters on RJ for hate crimes; RJ meta-analyses — 14 to 27% repeat-offense reduction.
Example exercise: staged preparation — separate sessions first; then a conferenced dialogue; then a written Repair Agreement negotiated by all parties.
4A · OFFENSE-LINKED COMMUNITY SERVICE
Clinical goal: reintegration through service that links to the offense; consolidate behavioral change in a real-world role.
Evidence: offense-linked service produces a 20 to 30 percent greater effect than generic service hours.
Example exercise: 10–25 hours placed inside a Jewish community organization — synagogue archive, community center, Holocaust education program — with structured weekly reflection journaling.
5A · MAINTENANCE & BOOSTER
Clinical goal: sustain change over 6 to 18 months; intervene at first sign of regression.
Evidence: spacing effect (Cepeda et al. 2006) — distributed consolidation over time outperforms compressed delivery.
Example exercise: graduated check-ins (monthly → quarterly) with family maintenance contact; booster sessions triggered by specific warning signs.
SECTION§ 08 · MEASUREMENT PROTOCOL
TRACKED THROUGH18 MONTHS POST-COMPLETION

What we measure, and when.

Outcomes captured at three timepoints across six standardized measures. Target range: 20 to 30 percent recidivism reduction (CBT and RJ meta-analyses), 25 to 60 percent when Functional Family Therapy principles are fully integrated.

INTAKE
  • Recidivism baseline (prior record)
  • Bias attitudes (IAT, ASQ)
  • Conspiracy cognition (GCBS)
  • Peer network composition
  • Family functioning (FAD)
  • Prosocial engagement baseline
DISCHARGE
  • Re-offense during program
  • Bias attitudes — repeat
  • Conspiracy cognition — repeat
  • Peer network — repeat
  • Family functioning — repeat
  • Service completion + reflection quality
18-MONTH FOLLOW-UP
  • Recidivism (new offense)
  • Bias attitudes — maintenance
  • Conspiracy cognition — maintenance
  • Peer network — stability
  • Family functioning — stability
  • Prosocial engagement — durability
TRACKED THROUGH 18 MONTHS POST-COMPLETION
SECTION§ 09 · PHASE 3 · REMEMBER & REBUILD
METHODNarrative transport + art therapy

What art therapy does, clinically.

Cognitive restructuring gives the offender words. The survivor encounter gives the offender weight. Art therapy gives the offender a container — a non-verbal channel to process what the words and the weight put inside them.

Slayton et al. 2010 reviewed art therapy outcome studies and found significant positive effects for populations struggling with emotional expression. Potash 2005 characterized art-making as a bridge between traumatic experience and meaning-making. Diamond and Shrira described creative expression as a "holding space" for processing.

A Phase 3 session looks like this: the art therapist, the survivor liaison, and the youth sit at a large table. Materials are on it. A testimony is shared — either live or archival. The youth is not asked to speak. They are asked to make. The work is kept, revisited, revised across the phase.

Slayton, D'Archer & Kaplan, 2010 · Potash, 2005 · Diamond & Shrira
§ 10  ·  THE EVIDENCE
§ 10  ·  THE EVIDENCE

What the literature
actually shows.

The program integrates frameworks with documented recidivism reduction. Tier assignment follows the Risk-Need-Responsivity model. Outcomes are tracked intake through 18 months post-completion.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bias
Landenberger & Lipsey, 2005 · 58 studies
Meta-analysis: Landenberger & Lipsey 2005 (N=58) Odds ratio 1.53 · best-implemented programs achieved >50% reduction in reoffending over controls.
20–30%
Functional Family Therapy
Dopp et al., 2017
Meta-analyses: Sexton & Turner 2010 · Dopp et al. 2017 FFT is one of the strongest evidence bases in juvenile-justice research — 25–60% recidivism reduction when peer and family factors are targeted together.
25–60%
Restorative justice conferencing
Bouffard, Cooper & Bergseth, 2017
RJ for hate crimes: Walters (2019) · Bouffard et al. 2017 RJ meta-analyses show 14–27% repeat-offense reduction. Walters specifically documents victim-offender conferencing effects in hate-crime cases.
25–30%
Offense-linked community service
vs. generic service placement
Service studies: OJJDP summary · offense-linked protocols Offense-linked service produces a 20–30% greater effect than generic service hours. Mechanism: meaning-making and repair tied to the harm caused.
+20–30%
APPENDIX BWHAT THIS PROGRAM EXPLICITLY AVOIDS
PEREvidence of harm in the literature
REJECTED

Scared Straight

Increased delinquency 1 to 28% across 9 RCTs.

Petrosino et al., 2013 · odds ratio 1.68–1.72
REJECTED

Boot camps

Null or harmful effects across 32 studies regardless of demographics.

Wilson et al., 2005
REJECTED

Mandatory diversity lectures

Coercive anti-prejudice messaging strengthens bias; stereotype rebound effect.

Dobbin & Kalev 2016 · Legault et al. 2011 · Macrae et al. 1994
Risk-Need-Responsivity

Match intervention intensity to assessed risk. Do not mix risk levels in group settings. The foundation Andrews and Bonta established for modern rehabilitative programming.

Outcomes we track

Recidivism. Conspiracy cognition. Bias attitudes. Peer-network composition. Family functioning. Prosocial engagement. Intake through 18 months post-completion.

What fails

Scared Straight programs increase reoffending 1–28%. Boot camps are ineffective or harmful. Juvenile transfer to adult court raises recidivism 34%. Punitive-only postures backfire.

§ 11  ·  WHAT MAKES IT DIFFERENT

Generic anti-bias curricula
do not reach antisemitism.

  1. 01

    Content-specific, not generic anti-bias.

    Every module targets the specific cognitive structures of antisemitism — Protocols-of-the-Elders-of-Zion conspiracy cognition, dual-loyalty tropes, Great Replacement variants — rather than abstract "tolerance." The counter-conspiracy module is itself a program differentiator.


    the content
    you won't find
    elsewhere
  2. 02

    Survivor encounter, not abstraction.

    Project Witness's Holocaust survivor testimony archive and Remember & Rebuild art therapy program are already-operating assets. Most programs don't have this. The encounter moves bias from theoretical to embodied.

    ← the unique
    ingredient
  3. 03

    Proportional, not political.

    Tier assignment is clinical. The 13-year-old who acted on a dare does not receive the 30-week intensive protocol. The 17-year-old running a radicalization meme account does. Matched intensity is the RNR model's core insight.

    ← assessment
    over politics
  4. 04

    One-on-one, not group.

    Low-risk youth mixed into intensive groups with high-risk peers increases recidivism from 15 to 32 percent. This program delivers individual sessions with concurrent family involvement — the format the evidence supports.

    ← format
    matters
  5. 05

    Fits the city's existing pathways.

    Designed to receive referrals from diversion, probation, school-disciplinary, and post-adjudication pathways. Completion documentation is court-compatible. The program slots into the architecture NYC already has — it doesn't ask the city to build a new one.

    ← fits what
    NYC already has
§ 12  ·  ROUTING

Four ways this page is for you.

IF YOU ARE A JUDGE, PROSECUTOR, PROBATION OFFICER, OR SCHOOL DEAN

Here is exactly what happens when you refer a case to us.

Intake within 5 business days. Bias Motivation Assessment completed in week 1–2. Tier assigned by clinical assessment, not referral source. Full progress reports at each phase gate. Court-compatible completion documentation. Referrals accepted from diversion, probation, post-adjudication, and school-based pathways.

§ 12  ·  DELIVERY TEAM

Five roles, working in concert.

i
Licensed Clinician
CBT-trained
Leads individual sessions
ii
Art Therapist
Phase 3
Remember and Rebuild sequence
iii
Survivor Liaison
Project Witness
Prepares Phase 3 encounter
iv
Restorative Justice Facilitator
Certified RJ practitioner
Leads Phase 3 conferencing
v
Victim Advocate
Independent
Victim preparation and voice
§ 13  ·  WHO SHOULD REFER

Accepting referrals
from the field.

Referral criteria
Youth aged 12 to 18.
Adjudicated or diverted for a bias-motivated offense targeting Jewish individuals or communities.
Suitable for diversion, probation condition, or post-adjudication programming.
Tier is assigned by clinical assessment, not referral source.
Offense types
Assault Harassment Vandalism Threats Intimidation Property crimes
Appropriate referrers
District Attorneys Probation departments Family Court OPHC MOCA Diversion coordinators
§ 14  ·  NEXT STEPS

Refer a case.
Fund the work.
Brief the Task Force.

§ 15  ·  GET IN TOUCH

Have a question?
Start the conversation.

For referral intake, Task Force briefings, funder inquiries, press, or partnerships. Send a note and we'll respond within two business days. All referral details handled with clinical confidentiality.

Project Witness
Brooklyn, New York

Replies within 2 business days